Diesel Production By Vegetable Oil And Animal Fat ( Feed Stock )

Diesel Making 

By 

Vegetable Oil And Animal Fat

Introduction :

This process is as same as Preparation of Diesel by Fatty Acid or Triglycerides by doing its reaction with Methanol in the presences of Catalyst . 

But to obtained Diesel by from different kind of Feed stock we have to do same as ( Diesel Preparation By Chemical Process  ) but we use Vegetable oil & Animal Fat instead of Fatty Acid ( Triglyceride ) .  

Pictorial Explanation :- 

Vegetable Oil & Animal Fat ( FEED STOCK ) :-

Oil and Fat which we can used to produce Biodiesel we can obtained them from lots of sources , and these sources are divided in to two major types :

1) First Generation  

2) Second Generation .

  

1) First Generation Feed Stock :-

 First Generation consist of Oils and Sugars from arable crops that are cultivated and mostly used for Food and  Feed Production . This is consist of edible (eat able ) and non edible Oil Plant , Starches and Waste Product such as Cooking Oil and Animal Fat .   

Sources and Name Of The Producer Countries Are Given Bellow In This Table :

2) Second Generation Feed Stock :-

We can also say Advance Bio-fuels to Second Generation of feed Stock  , this is made / consist of Lingo Cellulose Bio Mass , with extra potential Yields , But not cultivated on large scale , Another form / raw for Second Generation is ALGAE ( Advanced Feed Stock ) .  

Some Main Categories Of Second Generation :-

PICTURE OF A BIO DIESEL PLANTS :

 UGANDA BIO-DIESEL PLANT FORM ( SUNFLOWER ) :-

This Plant consist of :    

                                                                  1 ) Diesel Engine ( 50 - 60 kW)

                                                                  2 ) Grinding Mill .

                                                                  3 ) Distribution Box ( Mini - Grid ). 

                                                                  4 ) Alternator 10 kVA .

                                                                  5 ) Biodiesel Plant .

                                                                  6 ) Oil Expeller .

* Note : This Plant produce 113 Liter of Sunflower Oil on a use of 90 Liter Fuel ( for Generator ) .

** Net Profit :  23 Liter . 

 Some Pictures of This Plant :

Diesel Preparation By Chemicals

DIESEL PREPARATION

( A step Towards Alternative Fuel Energy Source )

By

Chemically Preparation of Diesel

Introduction :-

Bio diesel is an alternate of DIESEL and ts production is quite simple and in vehicles it does not need large number of changes we have to change its connection of fuel supply from Normal Diesel to Bio Diesel .

So to over come energy crisis or to reduce Environmental Pollution , we can use it and we can also produce it in a small plants .

Chemically Making Of Diesel :-

In making of Bio Diesel we used some oil made of Acids , Chemicals etc . Firs we take " Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride " its viscosity is to high so that we put it into a process namely " Transesterification " in this process we give a certain amount of heat to the reactant ( Fatty-Acid / Triglyceride ) and Alcohol in the presence of catalyst [ Sodium Hydroxide / Potassium Hydroxide ] , to produce Biodiesel ( Methyl Ester ) and Glycerol .

In this process , when we combined Alcohol with Catalyst , Triglyceride chemically broken with glycerides in the oil being replaced by Alcohol , forming a Fatty Ethyl Ester or Methyl Ester and produce Glycerol and METHYL ESTER as a by product

After process complete the mixture is reclaimed and separated in steps to isolate the Glycerol , Methyl Ester ( Alcohol ) is recycled and Bio Diesel is obtained .

Note :

" R " is a arbitrary " alkyl " that contain 3 Harbon atoms and 7 Hydrogen atoms in single bond .

Picture Presentation Of Chemical Process / Reaction :-

Steps To Obtained or to Make 1 Liter of Diesel :-

1 ) 0.2 Liter / 200 ml of Methanol .

2 ) 8 gr of Potassium Hydroxide [ KOH ] / 3.5 gr of Sodium Hydroxide [ NaOH ] ( Catalyser ) .

3 ) Catalyser dissolved in Alcohol . 

4 ) Oil is per-heated at 50 - 60 *C

5 ) Both component are mixed together .

6 ) Before being settle mixture , it is heated at that temperature for 1.5 hours.

Future Working / Research :-

Working on Production of Diesel by Vegetable Oil and Animal Fat .